MANFAAT MELAKUKAN PEMANASAN SEBELUM BEROLAHRAGA

Perhaps you from small heating was used to perform activities or warming up before exercising. At the time of first school we are taught to warm up first before getting into sports practice lessons in the field. At least we were told to jog around the field or around the streets outside the school. When the gym early in the morning along with any movement would warm up exercises for those who come not too late.

There may be wondering why the heating should be done? what functions and benefits of warming up prior to heavy physical activity like sports? And various other questions which may not be answered until today. What is certain is very important to do warm up before exercise. Than sorry later because it does not heat up yourself, then do warm up even if only briefly.

A. Function / Benefit Warming Before Sports

Sports involving the movement of muscles, joints and bones in a large enough intensity. By doing so warm blood sport that is rich in nutrients and oxygen will flow to the muscles so it's ready to be driven harder work. While the usefulness or benefits of exercise itself is to strengthen muscles, bones, heart, lungs and the circulation of blood.

B. Type / Shape Heating The Quick and Easy

Heating or warming up can be done without the help of any tools and without cost, ie with light jogging, light aerobics, jog in place, and others. Enough to our body sweaty, hot and feeling quite heating approximately 5 to 15 minutes can be followed by muscle stretching or streching for a few minutes for your muscles more flexible to use later.

C. Effects, Impact, and Effect Not Doing Warming Sport

Without an adequate warm up before doing exercise a dominant activity moves the muscles, joints and bones can result in injury to muscles and joints injuries. Of course, the injury will greatly interfere with activities and may be very painful and need further medical treatment. Muscle injury can be a sprain, whiplash, sprains, muscle cramps, muscle pain, and so forth.

D. Stretching / Streching the Good and True

After warming up that makes a little sweat, then followed by muscle stretching or strenching. Both heating and stretching should be done in a lightweight, low-capacity not too excessive. If done excess can lead to joint injury. Do not let the sport has not been feeling tired or exhausted heavy. If it is done properly then the body will be ready to do sports activities. Then work out with joyous feelings without coercion and forget all the problems that exist.

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PERBEDAAAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA

There are 4 aspects that differentiate between the Sport and Physical Education, among others:

1. The purpose of Physical Education tailored to the educational goals related to personal development of all students, while the Sports goal is to refer to the performance achievement of motor behavior as high in order to win the match.
2. Learning Content in physical education tailored to students' ability level, while the sports content of learning or training content is the target to be met.
3. Learning Orientation physical education centered on students. This means that students are not able to reach the destination in time given the chance again, while in sport athlete who can not achieve the goal line with the target time is not considered talented and should be replaced with other athletes.
4. The nature of physical education activities in scouting talent that is used to determine the entry behavior, while in the exercise aimed to select a talented athlete.

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MENGENAL PERMAINAN SEPAK TAKRAW

1. Sepaktakraw Field

Badminton court-sized with
Length: 13.40 m
Width: 6.10 m

2. Players

Each team consists of 3 people, 1 person as a "Tekong" and 2 others called "Apit Apit Right and Left".
. Players Clothing
* Son: Shirt-sleeved uniform shirts and rubber shoes.
* Princess: round-neck T-shirt, knee pants.

Not allowed to wear clothing which endanger the opponent.
Well-dressed, shirt and the obligatory T-shirt tucked / insert.
Captain must wear band on the left hand.
Clothing should be numbered backs, no only 1 -15.

Substitution of Players
Substitution at all times when the ball dead.
Each team is allowed only once in a set.
Players who get "red card" could be replaced with a provision there has been no previous substitution.
If a team of players less than 3 (three), it should not continue the game and the team is otherwise lost.

3. The match officials.

* 1 (one) official referee.
* 2 (two) referees (main referee and umpire II)
* 6 (six) lineman / linesman's (4 side underlined the field and 2 rear)

. Sweepstakes & Heating Players

Before the game starts, the referee will conduct the draw, who won the lottery right to choose "football first."
Heating for 2 (two) minutes and only (five) persons are allowed on the field during heating. Consists of 3 (three players) and coaches.

Position players at the time of service.
In doing sepakmula, one of the legs Tekong is in a loop to do sepakmula.
Both wedge players who perform service, must be within a quarter circle.
Opponent freely move within the field itself.

4. Error (Cancel)

An error on the part of the service.
o Apit as pelambung still play ball.
o Apit lift the foot, stepping on the line, touch or pass under the net when the ball stomach.
o Tekong dilambungkan not punt that to him.
o The ball touches one of his players (friends own) before the ball over the net.
o The ball fell out of the field.
o The ball was not over the net.
o Tekong when kick while jumping.
* Error by the recipient
o Trying to divert attention or loud opponent against the opponent.
* Errors on both sides
o There are players who took the ball on the opponent field
o There are players or equipment passing through the opponent's field
o playing the ball more than 3 (three) times
o The ball on hand
o Holding / pinch the ball between the arms and body, two legs or body.
o The ball on the attic / roof or wall (other objects)
o There are players who deliberately slow down the game unnecessarily.

5. Event rate calculation

Figures / points are awarded to the team that shut down the ball or opponent membyat error.

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ARTIKEL OLAHRAGA | OLAHRAGA LOMPAT JAUH

1. The tools used in long jump

• Roll meter
• Hoe
• a small flag (red and white)
• Style squat
• Style walking on air (walking in the water)
• Style hang (snapper)

2. It points to consider to achieve maximum results

• prefix, the prefix range 30-40 and done as quickly as the rapid
• Reject, menolakkkan legs as strong as the strong repulsion on board with the strongest legs.
• Attitude bodies floating in the air labored long as possible
• Attitude time bodies landed, endeavored not to fall backwards

3. Disqualification

• Called 3 minutes not jump
• rested with 2 legs
• After the jump, back in the direction prefix
• Landing outside the tub jump

4. Notes

• tub filled with sand jump
• If the jumper fails / disqualification yuri raised a red flag
• If the jumper to do well yuri raised the white flag
• 122 cm Width prefix
• The length of the beam 122 cm
• The width of the beam 20 cm

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PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA CEDERA KAKI

Injury to the foot is very annoying because it will affect our daily activities. unfortunately most people do the wrong first aid when his foot injury. The following are the steps that correct first aid when you get an injury to the leg:

1. Rest your feet for a moment and not be forced to move. Excessive activity can lead to further complications, such as a torn ligament will be more severe, often accompanied by fractures sprained / broken / cracked the bone.

2. compress leg injury with ice. do with warm water. when a new injury took place, there will be tears of blood vessels that lead to the release of "content" of blood vessels into the tissue around it so swollen blood vessels around the injury also will widen (dilate) in response to inflammation. Giving a cold compress / ice will be "narrow" which widens blood vessels, thereby reducing swelling. Cold compresses can be done 1-2 times a day, no more than 20 minutes because it would interfere with blood circulation.
Conversely, when the injury is chronic, inflammatory tanda2 such as swollen, red, severe pain is gone, then the principle of warm compresses can be done

3 .compression. Compress / emphasis on the injury, could do with a bandage / bandaged. Not too tight, the aim to reduce the swelling.

4. elevation. If the reply sprained ankle foot, sering2 rest with feet up, with rocking. The goal is to reduce the swelling.

Provision of anti-drug and anti-inflammatory pain can be provided upon your doctor's instructions.

How to massage / traditional massage?

Medically, this is not justifiable. Why? Sprain is an injury that involves the inflammation process, which is accompanied by tears of blood vessels and even a heavier longer be accompanied by a fracture or ligament tear is greater. Manipulation / massage part and prevent injury will worsen because of the torn blood vessels which normally should be "closed" (as the body's natural response), not to mention if there is ligament tears and fractures. RICE principle is a principle that has become the gold standard / principle of the primary treatment for sprains anywhere in the world, especially for olahragawan2.
If you are someone who loves sports benar2, the act of "aggressive" sometimes needs to be done, for example:

X-rays can see the presence of accompanying injuries such as fracture / cracked / broken bones, but can not see the injury / tear on ligaments. To see the ligament with good, to do an MRI.

For the selection of anti-pain and inflammation, there is some controversy, because the inflammatory process that occurs is the body's natural mechanism to "recover". By taking anti-drug and anti-inflammatory pain, then this mechanism will be eliminated and consequently the healing will be delayed.

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ARTIKEL OLAHRAGA | PRINSIP DASAR LATIHAN

A. Definition Exercise

Exercise is a process that sistrematis repeatedly, is fixed by always providing increased load.

B. The principal aim of Exercise

The main objective is the achievement of maximal exercise in addition to health and physical fitness for athletes. In accordance with its objectives, the sequence of exercises emphasizing the following:

1. Formation of physical condition (Phesical build up). The elements that must be in shape and developed covering.
1. Strength (stregth)
2. Velocity (speed)
3. Endurance (endorance)
4. Agility (agelity)
5. Flexibility (flexibility)
6. Speed ​​(accurancy)
7. Balance and coordination
8. Establishment of Engineering (Technical Buildup)
9. Formation Tactics (Tactical Builp Up)
10. Establishment of Mental (Mental Buildup)
11. Formation of Maturity Champion


C. Exercise load (Loading)

Expenses are also called the exercise or training materials or loading is a practice forms of physical and spiritual athletes to achieve sporting achievement. These forms of exercise can be done in various ways: the finger-gymnastics-weightlifting-Eross eouentry etc.

Two kinds of understanding of the exercise load dapayt distinguished as beikut:

1. External load (outer load)

Is a direct bebna exercise can be seen in practice. External load can be characterized by the properties of the load, itself, for example:

a. Incentive training
b. Volume of training
c. The duration of exercise
d. Rhytmo exercises etc.

2. Expenses In the (inner load)

Is an exercise load which has a direct impact on the physiology of the athlete. So actually load in the free outer imposed on athletes who give effect to the increase in pulse rate.

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OLAHRAGA UNTUK ANAK PRA SEKOLAH

Who would not know the benefits of exercise? Although perhaps not specifically but we all know that exercise good for health. Usually when we talk about the sport we only pay attention to sports for school children, teens, adults to seniors. But there was also lho exercise for children aged 1-5 years (preschool).

Dr. Ade Tobing, SpKO from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia warned parents need to realize that children have characteristics that differ from adults, the process of growth and development as seen from the increase in height and weight.

Preschoolers need to move that can be obtained when they play, "children moving while playing, that's sport for them." Clearly.

However, Mother needs to set the duration of play for the little guy. Ie a good old play for 60 minutes a day dikumulatifkan. That means the Mother could menyicil played 10 minutes in the morning, then 15 minutes during the day and the next until it reaches the target 60 minutes. It's certainly not difficult, considering the kids love playing.

Furthermore dr. Ade describes the benefits of exercise for these preschoolers have the ability to double, because in addition to improving physical health today, both could be the basis of his health in the future. With active physical exercise, the child has started earlier a healthy lifestyle which will protect it from sedentary diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and others.

Based on motor and cognitive readiness (Sherman), physical exercises for children aged 2-5 years is to perform simple motor skills, such as jumping, throwing, catching, running. But remember, kids fun was more important, do not force children to follow the movements of thought strange.

Now the task is to sort out the Mother of a suitable type of play for little, so that other children are also exercising their fun. Good luck!

Tips:

* Provide a balanced nutrition so that children stay active.
* Play the ball, put the ball into the basket, ran a short distance could be an option.

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OLAHRAGA UNTUK BALITA

Aka Moving physical exercise? It's almost every child's favorite activities. But apparently, it's not enough you know. Movement is performed little and often have to continue to be trained, or even if necessary, repaired. By then, his movements will be absolutely perfect future.

Well, one way to train your child's movement is to take her exercise. Why not? Sports do not just make it healthy and fit, but can also develop fine motor skills. Thus, the body of the child 'guaranteed' must be more fit, so it can survive when faced with various challenges (physical and psychological).
The problem is, you can not arbitrarily choose sports for children. So, many-many are 'shopping' info about the world of sports.

Under 6 years
If children do not want to exercise, do not force him. Children develop certain skills at different ages. Therefore, do not compare your child with other children. Throughout the growth of normal (and on target!), Let him master the skills based on its own merits.
Some children are reluctant to exercise because of fear of failure or easily frustrated. Again, recognize the signals sent by the children and never tired of giving encouragement.

Here are some types of sports that fit the child's age:

Age 2-3 years. Sports that are not yet structured, such as running, swinging, climbing, and playing water. At the age of two years, the child was able to jump with one or both legs, and ran. At the age of three years, he can change direction (from right to left, from front to back) with ease.

Note: Generally, children are not ready to join a structured exercise or engage in activities that are full of competition. When children are reluctant to join in a particular sport (for whatever reason), do not be forced to yes. Try to find out the cause. If necessary, postpone it and try again a few months or years later.

All you can do: Always accompany children. Never forget to apply sunscreen when children outside the home (this applies to you later).

Age 4-5 years. Usually, children can roll the big ball, catch the ball, well versed with the tricycle. He also started to like swimming or do physical exercises (but without programmed).

Note: Any choice sport, the little one should be happy. If the child is not happy, ask why and try to solve the problem or search for other sports is preferred. This is important if the child wants to do sports structured. Later kids depressed because they have to compete, it could form a negative attitude towards the world of sports or injure himself (as always trying to please others).

All you can do: Make sure the child's schedule is not excessive, can cause stress. Prepare the necessary security. For example, a safety elbows, knees, or helmets, when children cycling. Make it a habit, any type of exercise options later children.

Age 5-6 years. Many of the skills already mastered, including marching, balance exercises (walking on the catwalk beams), climbing, swinging, swinging, rolling, spinning, and others.

Note: The child can have a simple game with the ball. Although this involves the coordination and agility, let him play freely without strict rules alias.

All you can do: Remind the child that still sports the emphasis on having fun, playing with friends, as well as draining. There are no other frills.

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Contoh skripsi olahraga

GIVING EFFECT OF GLUCOSE WITH PHYSICAL EXERCISE PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT TEHADAP ANAEROBIC WORKING CAPACITY MAXIMAL

By: Arie Asnaldi, S. Pd


Physical exercise will cause physiological changes in the human body, both are temporary / when-while (response) or that are settled (adaption). Physical exercise with high intensity (between sub-maximal to maximum) will cause an anaerobic muscle contraction. Anaerobic muscle contraction needs energy supply (ATP) through the process of anaerobic glycolysis or lactic acid system (lactid acid system). Mengasiljkan poduk Glikolissi anaerobuik will end in the form of lactic acid. Thus, sub-maximal exercise intensity up to a maximum intensity will cause lactic acid accumulation in muscle and blood (Fox, 1993).

Exercises are done in a long time requires quite a lot of energy supply. Energy needs can be met through the main energy source, namely carbohydrates and fats (Marsetyo, 1991). However, Carbohydrate is the main energy source yanmg can be used for sports activities intensively and effectively. Carbohydrates are able to provide the most energy per unit of time (Jansen, 1989)

Of the particulars described above can be taken a few explanations about the relationship of supply of carbohydrate before exercise, blood lactic acid levels and maximal capacity keraj (KKM) as follows:

a. Supali karbohiodrat before exercise to increase maximal work

b. Anaerobic exercise with maximal performance causes increased levels of lactic acid maximally (KKM)

c. Anaerobic exercise performance optimally applied in an exercise program will increase the resistance to accumulation of lactic acid.

d. Thus, carbohydrate food supply that is applied in an anaerobic exercise program can lower blood lactic acid levels and increase maximal work capacity (KKM)

The general aim of this study was to determine the effect of 2.5% glucose solution and 10% in anaerobic physical exercise program on serum lactic acid and maximal work capacity. Its specific objectives are:

1. To determine the effect of 2.5% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise program to decrease blood lactic acid levels.

2. To determine the effect of 10% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise program to decrease blood lactic acid levels

3. To determine the effect of 10% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise program to lower blood lactic acid levels compared with 2.5% solution of glucose

4. To determine the effect of 2.5% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise program to increase maximal work capacity

5. To determine the effect of 10% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise program to increase the working capacity masimal

6. To determine the effect of 10% glucose solution before exercise with anaerobic exercise programs more boost than the maximum working capacity of 2.5% glucose solution

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate is the main energy source for mankind and called the substance of energy. Ordinary Karbohiodrat consumed on the network there are many plants, especially on food that many contain starch (polysaccharides) such as: bread, rice, potatoes, grain and tuber-umbian.karbohidrat also available as food ingredients commonly found in disaccharide forms, such as milk, sugar, lactose, regular sugar, and sucrose (McGilvery, 1996). carbohydrates in food ingredients commonly found in the form of polysaccharides (starch) and a small portion in the form of glycogen, saccharide, sucrose and incoming laktosa.karbohidrat into the body will be a monosaccharide, namely: glucose, fructose or galactose.

The end result of digestion of carbohydrates in the process of monosaccharides, ie glucose, fructose and galaktosa.karbohidart in the form of monosaccharides are absorbed by the blood ready for circulation throughout the body or stored in the liver as glycogen. Food that is not absorbed by the cells forwarded keusus large intestine to be excreted.

Glucose

Glucose is the main energy source for cells. Glucose is the sugar astunya contained in the blood and is the ideal fuel for most networks (Guyton & Hall, 1996). Kent (1994) defines that glucose is a monosaccharide derived from carbohydrates and is needed by the body. Carbohydrate is someone that the main fuel for pruduksi tree metabolite adenosine phosphate (ATP). Mengasilkan Karbohidrta used for ATP there are two kinds, namely: blood glucose and muscle glycogen (Fox, 1993)

Glucose within the intestinal mucosa will diffuse into the cell room and headed into the blood capillaries. Secra normal glucose phosphorylated to form glucose-6-monokalsium at the time of entry into the cell, and subsequently polymerised menjdi glycogen. Glycogen is the stored form of glucose that contained almost all cells throughout the body tissues. However, there are the largest deposits of glycogen that the liver cells and skeletal muscle cells (Guyton & Hall, 1996; Ganong, 1995).

Plasma glucagon increased linearly dive light exercise at some non-human species, while the increase in glucagon in humans occurred about I hour extended diving exercise (exercise long enough and persistently). Increased glucagon mainly regulated by plasma glucose levels. Decrease in plasma glucose Meru [feed potential stimulator of glucagon release. despite the release of insulin resistance adrenergic, but plays only a small adrenergic mechanisms to respond to glucagon. Glucagon memilki glukogenolisis an important role for regulation of hepatic (splitting of glycogen to glucose in liver cells). Baisanya gluconeogenesis occurs in the final phase of the exercise, where blood glucose was decreased berkemungkinan (Hoffman, 1996).

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FASE-FASE PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK MANUSIA

PHASE-PHASE motor skills
BY:
Arie ASNALDI

LEVEL OF FIRST PHASE motor skills

Motor learning phase is a phase of motor skill acquisition manggambarkan state of a person in the conduct of sports movements.

Person's ability to be able to master the motor skills of different sports, which is caused by, among others:

* Differences ability and coordination owned condition
* The age difference
* Differences movement experiences
* Gender differences
* Differences cognitive
* Frequency of exercise, etc.

Distribution of the phases of motor learning is not based on age level, but on the level of a person's ability in mastering the skills of motor sport in executing movements.

General characteristics of the motor skills to learn first-degree phase

General characteristics of the motor phase of learning the first level is the mastery of motor skills in rough shape, someone who is at this phase is only able to perform movements that are required when circumstances and conditions of support.

Special features or a lot of views.

· Basic structure of these movements are shown in rough form.

· Rhythm of movement:

Errors caused by the rhythmic movement:

1. Individuals who learn do not have the experience and savings

2. Mengimpulskan have not been able to organize and staff according to the needs of working muscles yng.

· Relations movement

Relations movement of the parts grerakan than one limb to another limb still not well coordinated.

· Area movement

Due to its coordination capabilities that Karana is still not yet formed, thus the principle of efficiency and efektefitas both in terms of manpower, time and unused space can not be realized.

· Smoothness of movement / flow of movement

The flow of movement that appear are not maintained, that is still choked-sendat.kurangnya velocity and acceleration was due to the influence of impulse / power provided.

· Speed movement

Do not have a good speed of movement is still slow and stiff.

· Accuracy and constancy movement

Constancy, which movement is owned by individuals who are at the first level of this phase may be said there is no karenakemampuan owned unstable or can not be measured.

· Shadow motion

The image of a successful movement built by individuals who are at the first level phase is still incomplete

· Movements Program

It means a new movement program includes components that are general or movement of the essentials sajadan not detailed.

The characteristics of the receiving and processing capability to learn first-degree phase information.

The characteristics of the learning phase of the first level can be seen in the aspect of receiving and processing information.

In the execution of motor actions or movements there are five senses sports information recipients are: visual (sight), acoustic (reasoning), tactile (skin), kinestik (muscle), and vetibular (balance tool).

The five senses do not only play a role in receiving information but also play a role in acceptance of feedback, which is about the movement that is being lasted.

Based on this feedback can be controlled and regulations movements that are underway such as: the arrangement of power impulses, penmgaturan, and control arahgerakan.

Implications of the phase characteristics of the first level of motor learning in the learning process

physical education teacher's role is to determine the most keberkasilan learners in performing movements that are taught.


LEARNING PHASE motor skills SPORTS TO LEVEL TWO

General characteristics of motor learning phase of this second level is the increasing mastery of fine coordination skills, such as the quality movement that carried out has increased.

The development of the learning process in this phase datandai by some progress and colored by some diproleh permasalahan.kemajuan-progress can be seen from the increasing quality of movement.

Special features of the second level of motor learning phase

The basic structure movement

The rhythm of movement

Relations movement

Area movement

The smoothness of movement

The speed of movement

Movement accuracy and constancy

Shadows and movement program

The characteristics of the ability of the receiving and processing information to learn the level of the second phase

In motor learning there are five senses receiver information including:

1. Eyes (Visueller Analyzer)
2. Leather (Taktiler Analyzer)
3. Muscles (Kinesthetischer Analyzer)
4. Ear (Akusticher Analyzer)
5. Balancing appliance that is located on the inner ear (Statico dynamisator)

The five senses of the recipient information was grouped into two groups:

1. A receiver of information from outside

Ie information coming from outside or from sipelaku environmental movement itself. Among them: eyes, ears and skin.

2. A receiver of information from the inside

That information comes from within the movement itself sipelaku of the course of both the ongoing movement. Among them: the muscles and staticodynamisator.

Phase characteristics of motor learning and its implications into the second level of the learning process

Learning phase, the second level requires a high learning activities, to be able to implement necessary preparations for the high of the intended participants didik.kesiapan antaralain:

* Readiness in conducting the exercise repetitions
* Readiness to accept the physical workload
* Readiness to fully concentrate
* As well as readiness to participate actively in the process of thinking

. So the major task of the physical education teacher in this case is to analyze the error-kasalahan movement that occurs in every phase gerakan.sehingga learners will always do the monitoring and readjustment deviations that occur during the movement lasted.
LEARNING PHASE motor skills THIRD LEVEL SPORTS

General characteristics of the three levels of motor learning phase

General characteristics of third-level learning phase can be described as follows:

Ability achievement someone who is at the third level learning phase is more stable, and stability of these achievements can be done with constant, although under the circumstances and conditions under which compounded palaksanaan movement.

The increase that occurred in various aspects antaralain:

· Improvements in anticipation of a situation and conditions

· Repair role kinentetik analyzer, so it can control and regulate impulses Pasa power muscles that work in accordance with the requirements

· Repair nindra role and function of receiver information

· Improvements in pengolahaninformasi received.

The next common feature of the phase stability of the third level of learning achievement or performance, individuals who are in this phase is able to do the same movements over and over again, while the quality of movement that appear on every time fairly constant repetition.

Special features of the third level of motor learning phase

Formation of automation capabilities

Shadows and shadow construction movement

The rhythm of movement

In the learning phase of this third level of the conduct of the movement looks more smooth and seamless, so that the movements performed quite efficient and effective both in terms of space usage, as well as time and energy.

The speed of movement

Special privileges that exist at the third level fese learning is the ability to manipulate other forms of deceptive gerakan.kemampuan to conduct proper motion can only be done by individuals who have the ability to anticipate situations and conditions that accurate.

The characteristics of the ability of the receiving and processing the information the third level of learning phase

Special characteristics of the receiving and processing capabilities of individual information that is in the learning phase of the third level is the increasing role and function of the analyzer information kinesthetic (muscle).

Other features of the ability of the receiving and processing information to learn the third phase is marked by the increasing role and function and sensitivity analyzer tools that others such as: eyes, skin, ears (staticodynamisator), then this phase individuals are able to receive feedback more numerous and detailed information about the course of a movement which was lasted well, and new completed.

Phase characteristics of the three levels of motor learning and its implications into the learning process

The third level is the learning phase, a phase to stabilize the fine coordination skills have been mastered.

Other forms of exercise that can be applied in the learning process for learners who are in this phase is an exercise in mental-traning form.

Mental exercises will assist students in improving:

· The ability to anticipate changes in circumstances that will occur and the effects of such changes

· The ability of the movement assessment

· The ability of carrying out the movement of economically, both in terms of time, energy, and

Non used

· Kemampuam assessment decisions

MOTION COORDINATION
coordination of movement seen as a regulator of motor processes, especially to the working muscles is regulated through a system called the invitation persyarafan or intra muskulare koordination.

Motor coordination of work includes coordinating the muscles involved in an execution gerakan.pengkoordinasian are arranged in such a way by persyarafan system.

Which is set here are: adjustment of the components of power and speed needed by the muscles in the implementation of the motion in accordance view the needs of every part of the motion.

The basic structure movement

The word structure is defined simply as a certain arrangement of the structure can be interpreted as garak gerakan.atau structure can be translated as the basic structure of a movement or composition that always exist in the execution of a movement.

The rhythm of movement

Iram motion are characteristics that describe the accuracy of the implementation of parts of the motion with the dimensions of space and time is used or is needed at every movement.

To get the rhythm of the movement of good ability, basically should dalakukan exercises repeatedly against the forms of the same movement

Relations movement

Movement relationship is: suatui impulse energy transfer process of a other parts of the body or the transfer of impulses from one tool to the tool motion lain.sehingga motion occurs relations movement.

Indicators that can be observed from the movement of an imperfect relationship is:

* The occurrence of excess movement that resulted in unnecessary disruption of impulse transfer energy to the movement
* Excess movement caused olehimpuls given too much power than necessary.
* Area of movement

Size is movement: the extent of the unused space or trajectory in the implementation of a movement.

Indicators that can be observed to know the broad movement errors include:

* Use wide movement for the implementation of a motion is unstable
* Frequency of movements that are too low can be caused because the room is used for the execution of a movement is too broad, sehinggawaktu also required excessive than necessary
* Frequency of movements that are too high for example in running or swimming can be caused by an unused room is too narrow
* The rhythm of movement is not constant

The smoothness of movement

The cause of the error motion or movement is not smooth: the ability condition (strength, speed, and endurance) and coordination capabilities are still lacking, as well as incomplete, mengertian lack of information about the movements of individuals who have dalaksanakan.

The smoothness of movement or flow of movement is a characteristic that describes the continuity of the course of a movement.

To be able to see the smooth movement, indicators that can be observed are:

· Continuity way movement

· Velocity or acceleration of movement (too fast or too slow)


The speed of movement

In the conduct of a movement, speed is one of the main features of the coordination of movement perlumendapatkan attention, it is because the speed will determine the results to be achieved.

To be able to utilize an optimal speed of movement was greatly influenced by several aspects such as: the ability to anticipate the movements, fluency of movement and motion relationships.

Movement accuracy and constancy

The accuracy and constancy movement once crucial to the result to be achieved in the implementation of the movement.

Accuracy of movement in terms of the process are: the accuracy of the course of a series of nice views of the structure of the movement in the movement and views from the systematics of the movement.

While assessments of products are: a result obtained from aktivfitas or gerakn.

According MEINEL (1977, HAL 180) defines the accuracy or correctness movement as a union between movement planning with the results obtained. His understanding is that each execution of the movement is always preceded by a movement that is planned on the central nervous system.

SUMBER: http://artikel-olahraga.blogspot.com/2008_01_29_archive.html

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